Can bulls get Mad Cow disease??
Question: or is it only the female of the species that can catch it.
Answers: didnt the bulls give it too the cows (that what made the cows so mad)
Yes of course they can
both can get it, all bovine animals can
Yes, but can my mother in law get it, that is the question
only if they marry one
That's like asking if only female birds get bird flu!!
Duh!
Of course bulls can get it!!
Mmmmm not sure but I do know my ex mother in-law has it!
LoL xxx
yes that why the slaughtered everyone back a few years unfortunatly they missed my ex wife !
Bulls are cows too, so if it is mad COW disease then males and femals should both be able to get it
It can effect any sex of cattle over 30 months of age. For more info visit this website.
yes.
yes all cows can get it
I expect it's both - Mad Cow just being a media name for BSE.
Of course bulls can get mad cow disease.
THEY'RE ALREADY MAD
It applies to all cattle - so yes
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Mad cow disease)
Jump to: navigation, search
Look up Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle, which infects by a mechanism that surprised biologists on its discovery in the late 20th century. While never having killed cattle on a scale comparable to other dreaded livestock diseases, such as foot and mouth and rinderpest, BSE has attracted wide attention because it seems that people can contract the disease; it is thought to be the cause of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), sometimes called new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD), a human brain-wasting disease, although this has never been proved.
Contents [hide]
1 Infectious agent
2 The BSE epizootic in British cattle
2.1 UK epizootic and UK licensed medicines
3 Husbandry practices in the United States relating to BSE
4 BSE statistics by country
5 External links
[edit]
Infectious agent
Unlike the other kinds of infectious disease which are spread by microbes, the infectious agent in BSE is a specific type of protein. Misshapen ( misfolded ) prion proteins carry the disease between individuals and cause deterioration of the brain. BSE is a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). TSEs can arise in animals that carry a rare mutant prion allele, which expresses prions that contort by themselves into the disease-causing shape. Most TSEs, however, occur sporadically in animals that do not have a prion protein mutation. Transmission can occur when healthy animals consume tainted tissues from others with the disease. In the brain these proteins cause native cellular prion protein to deform into the infectious state which then goes on to deform further prion protein in an exponential cascade. These aggregate to form dense plaque fibers, which lead to the microscopic appearance of holes in the brain, degeneration of physical and mental abilities and ultimately death.
[edit]
The BSE epizootic in British cattle
The British BSE epizootic in cattle was recognized in 1986. It was first believed to have originated in sheep, in which the related prion disease scrapie is common. However, sheep and cattle TSEs are quite different and it is now thought more likely that BSE could have originated with a case of sporadic BSE in a single bovine. Prior to the BSE epizootic, cattle were fed with meat and bone meal, a high-protein substance obtained from the remnants of butchered animals, including cows and sheep. This practice allowed the accumulation of prions over many generations. As more animals became ill, more infectious tissue got into the feed, and so the number of cases reached epizootic proportions. The tissues that contain most of the pathogenic molecules are those of the brain and the nervous system, although infectious amounts have been shown experimentally to be present elsewhere, such as in blood.
The use of meat and bone meal as a protein supplement in cattle feed was widespread in Europe prior to about 1987. Worldwide, Soybean meal is the primary plant-based protein supplement fed to cattle. However, soybeans do not grow well in Europe, so cattle raisers throughout Europe turned to the less expensive animal byproduct feeds as an alternative. A change to the rendering process in the early 1980s may have resulted in a large increase of the infectious agents in the cattle feed. A contributing factor seems to have been a change in British laws that allowed a lower temperature sterilization of the protein meal. While other European countries like Germany required said animal byproducts to undergo a high temperature steam boiling process, this requirement had been eased in Britain as a measure to keep prices competitive.
Following an epizootic of BSE in Britain, 157 people (as of 2004) acquired and died of a disease with similar neurological symptoms subsequently called vCJD, or (new) variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. This is a separate disease from 'classical' Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which is not related to BSE and has been known about since the early 1900s. Of the 157 cases of vCJD in humans so far, 148 occurred in the United Kingdom, 6 in France, and one in Italy. Three cases of vCJD occurred in people who had lived in or visited Britain--one each in Ireland, Canada and the United States. There is also some concern about those who work with (and therefore inhale) cattle meat and bone meal, such as horticulturists, who use it as fertilizer. Up to date statistics on all types of CJD are published by the UK CJD Surveillance Centre in Edinburgh.
For many of the vCJD patients, direct evidence exists that they had consumed tainted beef, and this is assumed to be the mechanism by which all affected individuals contracted it. Disease incidence also appears to correlate with slaughtering practices that led to the mixture of nervous system tissue with hamburger and other beef. It is estimated that 400,000 cattle infected with BSE entered the human food chain in the 1980s. Although the BSE epizootic was eventually brought under control by culling all suspect cattle populations, people are still being diagnosed with vCJD each year (though the number of new cases currently seems to be dropping). This is attributed to the long incubation period for prion diseases, which are typically measured in years or decades. As a result the full extent of the human vCJD outbreak is still not fully known.
The scientific consensus is that infectious BSE prion material is not destroyed through normal cooking procedures, meaning that contaminated beef foodstuffs prepared well done may remain infectious.[1][2]
In 2004 researchers reported evidence of a second contorted shape of prions in a rare minority of diseased cattle. In other words, this implies a second strain of BSE prion. Very little is known about the shape of disease-causing prions, because their insolubility and tendency to clump thwarts application of the detailed measurement techniques of structural biology. But cruder measures yield a biochemical signature by which the newly discovered cattle strain appears different from the familiar one, but similar to the clumped prions in humans with traditional CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease).The finding of a second strain of BSE prion raises the possibility that transmission of BSE to humans has been underestimated, because some of the individuals diagnosed with spontaneous or sporadic CJD may have actually contracted the disease from tainted beef. So far nothing is known about the relative transmissibility of the two disease strains of BSE prion.
In 2005 a controversial paper in The Lancet suggested that BSE might have originated in British cattle when they ate imported animal feed that included infected human remains from Hindu funeral ceremonies in India. [3]
[edit]
UK epizootic and UK licensed medicines
During the course of the investigation into the BSE epizootic, an enquiry was also made into the activities of the Department of Health and its Medicines Control Agency. On May 7, 1999 in his written statement number 476 to the BSE Inquiry, David Osborne Hagger reported on behalf of the Medicines Control Agency that in a previous enquiry the Agency had been asked to:
... identify relevant manufacturers and obtain information about the bovine material contained in children’s vaccines, the stocks of these vaccines and how long it would take to switch to other products. It was further reported that the: ... use of bovine insulin in a small group of mainly elderly patients was noted and it was recognised that alternative products for this group were not considered satisfactory. A medicines licensing committee report that same year recommended that: ... no licensing action is required at present in regard to products produced from bovine material or using prepared bovine brain in nutrient media and sourced from outside the United Kingdom, the Channel Isles and the Republic of Ireland provided that the country of origin is known to be free of BSE, has competent veterinary advisers and is known to practise good animal husbandry. In 1990 the British Diabetic Association became concerned regarding the safety of bovine insulin and the government licensing agency assured them that: ... there was no insulin sourced from cattle in the UK or Ireland and that the situation in other countries was being monitored. In 1991 a European Community Commission: ... expressed concerns about the possible transmission of the BSE/scrapie agent to man through use of certain cosmetic treatments. Sources in France reported to the British Medicines Control Agency: ... that there were some licensed surgical sutures derived from French bovine material. Concerns were also raised: ... regarding a possible risk of transmission of the BSE agent in gelatin products.
[edit]
Husbandry practices in the United States relating to BSE
Soybean meal is cheap and plentiful in the United States. As a result, the use of animal byproduct feeds was never common, as it was in Europe. However, U.S. regulations only partially prohibit the use of animal byproducts in feed. In 1997, regulations prohibited the feeding of mammalian byproducts to ruminants such as cows and goats. However, the byproducts of ruminants can still be legally fed to pets or other livestock and poultry such as pigs and chickens. In addition, it is legal for ruminants to be fed byproducts from some of these animals. [4] A proposal to end the use of cow blood, restaurant scraps, and chicken litter* (fecal matter, feathers) in January 2004 was eventually scrapped, despite the efforts of some advocates of such a policy, who cite the fact that cows are herbivores, and that blood and fecal matter could potentially carry BSE.
In February 2001, the USGAO reported that the FDA, which is responsible for regulating feed, had not adequately policed the various bans. [5] Compliance with the regulations was shown to be extremely poor before the discovery of the Washington cow, but industry representatives report that compliance is now 100%. Even so, critics call the partial prohibitions insufficient. Indeed, US meat producer Creekstone Farms alleges that the USDA is preventing BSE testing from being conducted [6].
Japan stopped U.S. beef imports, because of mad cow disease,
Japan is the Top Buyer of US Beef , buying 240,000 tonnes valued at $1.4 billion in 2003.
Tokyo yielded to U.S. pressure to resume imports, ignoring consumer worries about the safety of U.S. beef , was the reply of Japanese consumer groups . Michiko Kamiyama from Food Safety Citizen Watch said about this : The government has put priority on the political schedule between the two countries, not on food safety or human health, .
The term chicken litter also includes spilled chicken feed as well as fecal matter and feathers. It is still legal in the United States to use ruminant protein to feed chickens. Thus, ruminant protein can get into the food chain of cattle in this round about way.
whats the difference between PMS and BSE
ones mad cow disease the other is a farming problem.
2 cows on the top of a hill,
one cow says
what do you think of this mad cow disease
the other replies
dosen`t bother me im a duck
Answers: didnt the bulls give it too the cows (that what made the cows so mad)
Yes of course they can
both can get it, all bovine animals can
Yes, but can my mother in law get it, that is the question
only if they marry one
That's like asking if only female birds get bird flu!!
Duh!
Of course bulls can get it!!
Mmmmm not sure but I do know my ex mother in-law has it!
LoL xxx
yes that why the slaughtered everyone back a few years unfortunatly they missed my ex wife !
Bulls are cows too, so if it is mad COW disease then males and femals should both be able to get it
It can effect any sex of cattle over 30 months of age. For more info visit this website.
yes.
yes all cows can get it
I expect it's both - Mad Cow just being a media name for BSE.
Of course bulls can get mad cow disease.
THEY'RE ALREADY MAD
It applies to all cattle - so yes
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Mad cow disease)
Jump to: navigation, search
Look up Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle, which infects by a mechanism that surprised biologists on its discovery in the late 20th century. While never having killed cattle on a scale comparable to other dreaded livestock diseases, such as foot and mouth and rinderpest, BSE has attracted wide attention because it seems that people can contract the disease; it is thought to be the cause of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), sometimes called new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD), a human brain-wasting disease, although this has never been proved.
Contents [hide]
1 Infectious agent
2 The BSE epizootic in British cattle
2.1 UK epizootic and UK licensed medicines
3 Husbandry practices in the United States relating to BSE
4 BSE statistics by country
5 External links
[edit]
Infectious agent
Unlike the other kinds of infectious disease which are spread by microbes, the infectious agent in BSE is a specific type of protein. Misshapen ( misfolded ) prion proteins carry the disease between individuals and cause deterioration of the brain. BSE is a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). TSEs can arise in animals that carry a rare mutant prion allele, which expresses prions that contort by themselves into the disease-causing shape. Most TSEs, however, occur sporadically in animals that do not have a prion protein mutation. Transmission can occur when healthy animals consume tainted tissues from others with the disease. In the brain these proteins cause native cellular prion protein to deform into the infectious state which then goes on to deform further prion protein in an exponential cascade. These aggregate to form dense plaque fibers, which lead to the microscopic appearance of holes in the brain, degeneration of physical and mental abilities and ultimately death.
[edit]
The BSE epizootic in British cattle
The British BSE epizootic in cattle was recognized in 1986. It was first believed to have originated in sheep, in which the related prion disease scrapie is common. However, sheep and cattle TSEs are quite different and it is now thought more likely that BSE could have originated with a case of sporadic BSE in a single bovine. Prior to the BSE epizootic, cattle were fed with meat and bone meal, a high-protein substance obtained from the remnants of butchered animals, including cows and sheep. This practice allowed the accumulation of prions over many generations. As more animals became ill, more infectious tissue got into the feed, and so the number of cases reached epizootic proportions. The tissues that contain most of the pathogenic molecules are those of the brain and the nervous system, although infectious amounts have been shown experimentally to be present elsewhere, such as in blood.
The use of meat and bone meal as a protein supplement in cattle feed was widespread in Europe prior to about 1987. Worldwide, Soybean meal is the primary plant-based protein supplement fed to cattle. However, soybeans do not grow well in Europe, so cattle raisers throughout Europe turned to the less expensive animal byproduct feeds as an alternative. A change to the rendering process in the early 1980s may have resulted in a large increase of the infectious agents in the cattle feed. A contributing factor seems to have been a change in British laws that allowed a lower temperature sterilization of the protein meal. While other European countries like Germany required said animal byproducts to undergo a high temperature steam boiling process, this requirement had been eased in Britain as a measure to keep prices competitive.
Following an epizootic of BSE in Britain, 157 people (as of 2004) acquired and died of a disease with similar neurological symptoms subsequently called vCJD, or (new) variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. This is a separate disease from 'classical' Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which is not related to BSE and has been known about since the early 1900s. Of the 157 cases of vCJD in humans so far, 148 occurred in the United Kingdom, 6 in France, and one in Italy. Three cases of vCJD occurred in people who had lived in or visited Britain--one each in Ireland, Canada and the United States. There is also some concern about those who work with (and therefore inhale) cattle meat and bone meal, such as horticulturists, who use it as fertilizer. Up to date statistics on all types of CJD are published by the UK CJD Surveillance Centre in Edinburgh.
For many of the vCJD patients, direct evidence exists that they had consumed tainted beef, and this is assumed to be the mechanism by which all affected individuals contracted it. Disease incidence also appears to correlate with slaughtering practices that led to the mixture of nervous system tissue with hamburger and other beef. It is estimated that 400,000 cattle infected with BSE entered the human food chain in the 1980s. Although the BSE epizootic was eventually brought under control by culling all suspect cattle populations, people are still being diagnosed with vCJD each year (though the number of new cases currently seems to be dropping). This is attributed to the long incubation period for prion diseases, which are typically measured in years or decades. As a result the full extent of the human vCJD outbreak is still not fully known.
The scientific consensus is that infectious BSE prion material is not destroyed through normal cooking procedures, meaning that contaminated beef foodstuffs prepared well done may remain infectious.[1][2]
In 2004 researchers reported evidence of a second contorted shape of prions in a rare minority of diseased cattle. In other words, this implies a second strain of BSE prion. Very little is known about the shape of disease-causing prions, because their insolubility and tendency to clump thwarts application of the detailed measurement techniques of structural biology. But cruder measures yield a biochemical signature by which the newly discovered cattle strain appears different from the familiar one, but similar to the clumped prions in humans with traditional CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease).The finding of a second strain of BSE prion raises the possibility that transmission of BSE to humans has been underestimated, because some of the individuals diagnosed with spontaneous or sporadic CJD may have actually contracted the disease from tainted beef. So far nothing is known about the relative transmissibility of the two disease strains of BSE prion.
In 2005 a controversial paper in The Lancet suggested that BSE might have originated in British cattle when they ate imported animal feed that included infected human remains from Hindu funeral ceremonies in India. [3]
[edit]
UK epizootic and UK licensed medicines
During the course of the investigation into the BSE epizootic, an enquiry was also made into the activities of the Department of Health and its Medicines Control Agency. On May 7, 1999 in his written statement number 476 to the BSE Inquiry, David Osborne Hagger reported on behalf of the Medicines Control Agency that in a previous enquiry the Agency had been asked to:
... identify relevant manufacturers and obtain information about the bovine material contained in children’s vaccines, the stocks of these vaccines and how long it would take to switch to other products. It was further reported that the: ... use of bovine insulin in a small group of mainly elderly patients was noted and it was recognised that alternative products for this group were not considered satisfactory. A medicines licensing committee report that same year recommended that: ... no licensing action is required at present in regard to products produced from bovine material or using prepared bovine brain in nutrient media and sourced from outside the United Kingdom, the Channel Isles and the Republic of Ireland provided that the country of origin is known to be free of BSE, has competent veterinary advisers and is known to practise good animal husbandry. In 1990 the British Diabetic Association became concerned regarding the safety of bovine insulin and the government licensing agency assured them that: ... there was no insulin sourced from cattle in the UK or Ireland and that the situation in other countries was being monitored. In 1991 a European Community Commission: ... expressed concerns about the possible transmission of the BSE/scrapie agent to man through use of certain cosmetic treatments. Sources in France reported to the British Medicines Control Agency: ... that there were some licensed surgical sutures derived from French bovine material. Concerns were also raised: ... regarding a possible risk of transmission of the BSE agent in gelatin products.
[edit]
Husbandry practices in the United States relating to BSE
Soybean meal is cheap and plentiful in the United States. As a result, the use of animal byproduct feeds was never common, as it was in Europe. However, U.S. regulations only partially prohibit the use of animal byproducts in feed. In 1997, regulations prohibited the feeding of mammalian byproducts to ruminants such as cows and goats. However, the byproducts of ruminants can still be legally fed to pets or other livestock and poultry such as pigs and chickens. In addition, it is legal for ruminants to be fed byproducts from some of these animals. [4] A proposal to end the use of cow blood, restaurant scraps, and chicken litter* (fecal matter, feathers) in January 2004 was eventually scrapped, despite the efforts of some advocates of such a policy, who cite the fact that cows are herbivores, and that blood and fecal matter could potentially carry BSE.
In February 2001, the USGAO reported that the FDA, which is responsible for regulating feed, had not adequately policed the various bans. [5] Compliance with the regulations was shown to be extremely poor before the discovery of the Washington cow, but industry representatives report that compliance is now 100%. Even so, critics call the partial prohibitions insufficient. Indeed, US meat producer Creekstone Farms alleges that the USDA is preventing BSE testing from being conducted [6].
Japan stopped U.S. beef imports, because of mad cow disease,
Japan is the Top Buyer of US Beef , buying 240,000 tonnes valued at $1.4 billion in 2003.
Tokyo yielded to U.S. pressure to resume imports, ignoring consumer worries about the safety of U.S. beef , was the reply of Japanese consumer groups . Michiko Kamiyama from Food Safety Citizen Watch said about this : The government has put priority on the political schedule between the two countries, not on food safety or human health, .
The term chicken litter also includes spilled chicken feed as well as fecal matter and feathers. It is still legal in the United States to use ruminant protein to feed chickens. Thus, ruminant protein can get into the food chain of cattle in this round about way.
whats the difference between PMS and BSE
ones mad cow disease the other is a farming problem.
2 cows on the top of a hill,
one cow says
what do you think of this mad cow disease
the other replies
dosen`t bother me im a duck
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